What’s the relationship between electric potential and the elements position on the periodic table?
The electric potential is the measure of how easily an element or compound gains electrons, i.e. how easily it is reduced. A more positive electric potential denotes a compound that is more easily reduced, while a more negative electric potential denotes a compound that is more easily oxidised.
In the Periodic Table, the electric potential becomes more negative down the group as the power of these elements as reducing agents increases. This is due to the increase in reactivity down the group for metals and the decrease in reactivity down the group for nonmetals. This is because metals react by gaining electrons (ease of gaining electrons increases down the group and hence more easily oxidised) while nonmetals react by losing electrons (ease of losing electrons increases down the group)
Across a period, the electric potential becomes more positive. This can be easily seen by comparing potassium (K) which has electric potential -2.92 to fluorine (F) which has electric potential +2.87. Yes i know they’re not from the same period, but these two elements are the extremes of the electric potential range and hence serve to show that metals usually have negative electric potentials and nonmetals have positive ones. Thus across the period the electric potential goes from negative to positive.
Hope I was of help!
<3, phantasmal.spirit
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